Fast ions in tokamaks and their measurement by Collective Thomson Scattering

J Egedal
University College, Oxford Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford.

Trinity term 1998

The finite orbit widths of fusion products in tokamaks cause their distribution function to become anisotropic in velocity space. This anisotropy is closely related to the topology of fast ion orbit motion. For the study of orbit topology the {\sl equatorial surface} is introduced which is a generalisation of the horizontal mid plane for tokamaks with broken top--bottom symmetry. By use of simple graphical methods the topology of guiding centre orbits are obtained and displayed by parameters characterising the particles at their intersections with this surface. On the basis of the results of the orbit topology study the anisotropic features of the distribution of fusion born $\alpha$--particles are examined. For routine analysis of $\alpha$--particles in JET plasmas a code is developed which integrates the Fokker--Planck equation describing classical slowdown of $\alpha$--particles including finite orbit width effects. The code applies a new Green's function approach which considerably reduces the computational demands. The possibilities for the reconstruction of anisotropic distribution functions from CTS measurements are investigated. Results of tests and theoretical considerations for components in the CTS receiver are outlined, and a procedure, developed for the calibration of the CTS detection system, is described. Examples of data measured by the CTS diagnostic are presented together with inferred fast ion distribution functions.